Chapter 17 IV

Endogeneity and Instrumental Variables

Each of the following courseware can be used, but the first format (Xaringan slide)is highly recommended¹.

1. Interactive Slides（Xaringan html slide）(how to use it?²):Chapter17 endogeneity and IV.html .

2.Traditional Slides (static PDF for print and E-learning):Chapter17 endogeneity and IV.pdf.

The differences between the above two formats of courseware:

• The contents of both these two formats are basically the same. While the content of ‘Xaringan slides’ will be much richer than the ‘PDFslides’, and ‘Xaringan slides’ will be updated more frequently(there are some technical reasons).

• ‘Xaringan slides’ can perform some interactive operations, such as html widgets tables, dynamic drawings and code chunk display. While the ‘PDF slides’ is static file fundamentally, and users can not interact with the content elements.

• In fact, you can convert ‘Xaringan slides’ to ‘PDF slides’ yourself at any time using Chrome.

• ‘Xaringan slides’ are suitable for interactive E-learning, while ‘PDF slides’ are suitable for offline printing or E-ink notation on you Pad.

Footnotes

1. Slides are generated by using Rmarkdown language, and then Rendered by using R package Xaringan.

2. Usage Tips (for PC) : Click Slide content area , press ** ‘F’ ** key, you can watch the full screen. Press the left and rightarrow keys (\(\leftarrow/\rightarrow\)) to flip the page forward or backward. Hit the number key, then press ** ‘Enter’ ** to enter any specified page number. For example, hit the number 10 and then you will navigate to the slide page 10.